In a way, we could say that a Domain Name Server is the equivalent of of the phone book that we used to consult when we had the name of someone we wanted to call but did not know their actual phone number. The web-browser will then be able to contact the webserver to request a specific page: The DNS server will then lookup for the matching IP address for this domain name and return it to the web-browser. When the user types a domain name in the address bar of the browser, the browser automatically contacts a DNS server on the Internet. This is why domain names were invented! Domains names such as or are easy to remember. However, IP address are tricky to remember (for human beings). In order to connect to a website, your web-browser needs to know the IP address of the webserver where the website is hosted. When a URL points towards a file that cannot be located or simply does not exist on the webserver, a 404 error message is returned to the web browser! Domain Name Server If the filename is not provided, the server will return the index.html file if it exists. Optional: File name: the file name and extension of the file you are requesting.Optional: Folder/Sub-folder structure: If the resource/file you are trying to access is not on the root folder of the website but in a sub-folder,.The Domain Name to identify the web server,.The protocol used to access the web page: either HTTP or HTTPs,.A URL is used to request a specific file (resource) stored on a web server.Ī URL is used to request/locate a specific resource stored on a web server. These files are stored on the web server within a root folder and other subfolders. URL: Uniform Resource LocatorĪ live website is hosted/stored on a webserver and consists of different files such as HTML pages, png graphics, jpg pictures, gif animations and other multimedia files (mp3 audio clips, mp4 movie clips, pdf documents etc.). Networking equipment such as routers and switches use IP addresses and/or MAC addresses to direct traffic between computers/devices on the network. (A bit like the chassis number of a car!) It is hardcoded into the device by the manufacturer when the device is built. They are expressed in hexadecimal using 8 blocks of 2 Bytes (4 hexadecimal digits) separated by colons e.g.:Ī MAC Address is static and unique for a device. IPv6 addresses consist of 16 Bytes (=128 bits). To overcome the issue of the Internet running out of unique IPv4 addresses, a new format was introduced. This is the reason why the Internet is progressively upgrading to the next generation of IP addresses: IPv6… IPv6 Addresses Remember, every device (router, computer, smartphone, smartwatch, smart TV, smart speaker, etc.) connected to the Internet will have its own IP address and there are nearly 8 billions human beings on planet Earth. Though this seems like a large number, we are reaching a stage where we are running out of unique IP addresses. Some devices can be configured on an IP network to have a static IP address: it will remain she same even if you restart your device.Īs an IPv4 address consists of 4 Bytes (=32 bits), there are 2 32 possible IP addresses which is just under 4.3 billions IP addresses. A dynamic IP Address can change every time your restart your device/reconnect to the network.
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